References

Brown, P. S. “Nineteenth-Century American Health Reformers and the Early Nature Cure Movement in Britain.” Medical History, vol. 32, 1988, pp. 174-194, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1139856/pdf/medhist00063-0063.pdf. Accessed 8 Jun. 2024.

Callewaert, Jonas S. “Natural Hygiene History.” Www.Scribd.Com, www.scribd.com/document/326696912/natural-hygiene-history. Accessed 8 Jun. 2024.

Gregory, James. The Vegetarian Movement in Britain C.1840-1901, A Study of its Development, Personnel and Wider Connections. 2002. University of Southampton, Doctor of Philosophy. Department of History. Faculty of Arts. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/467032/1/886115_v.1.pdf

“History of Vegetarianism.” Web.Archive.Org, web.archive.org/web/20071230193314/https://vegsoc.org/info/developm.html. Accessed 8 Jun. 2024. 

Iacobbo, Karen. “Bible-Christians: Plucky Veg-evangelists of the 19th Century.” International Vegetarian Union (IVU), ivu.org/history/usa19/metcalfe.html. Accessed 8 Jun. 2024.

Iacobbo, Karen. “Jacksonian Veg: Couldn’t Stomach Pork & Whisky.” International Vegetarian Union (IVU), ivu.org/history/usa19/jacksonian.html. Accessed 8 Jun. 2024.

Iacobbo, Karen. “Johnny Appleseed 1774-1845.” International Vegetarian Union (IVU), ivu.org/history/usa19/appleseed.html. Accessed 8 Jun. 2024.

Iacobbo, Karen. “Vegetarians in New York, Circa 1853.” International Vegetarian Union (IVU), ivu.org/history/usa19/letter.html. Accessed 8 Jun. 2024.

Iacobbo, Karen. Iacobbo, Michael. (2004). Vegetarian America: a History. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. https://archive.org/details/vegetarianameric0000iaco_h7h5

Lehmkuhl, Vance. “History of Vegetarianism.” The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia, philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/essays/vegetarianism-and-veganism/. Accessed 8 Jun. 2024.

Metcalfe, Joseph. (1866). Memoir of the Rev. William Metcalfe, M.D. Late Minister of the Bible-Christian Church, North Third Street, Above Girard Avenue, Philadelphia. J.L. Capen, No. 25 South Tenth Street., 1866. Out of Print.

• https://catalog.mwa.org/vwebv/search?searchCode1=GKEY&searchType=2&argType1=any&searchArg1=ocn761167166
• https://books.google.com/books/about/Memoir_of_the_Rev_William_Metcalfe_M_D_L.html?id=ky5PtwAACAAJ

Maintenance Committee. (1922). History of the Philadelphia Bible-Christian Church for the first century of its existence, from 1817 to 1917. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott company.

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• http://pagenealogy.net/e-texts/pdf/Phila%20Bible-Christian%20Church.pdf

Maurer, Donna. (2002). Vegetarianism: Movement or Moment? Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press. https://archive.org/details/vegetarianismmov0000maur/page/22/mode/2up

• This book examines the organizational aspects of vegetarianism and tries to explain why the predominant movement strategies have not successfully attracted more people to adopt a vegetarian identity. 

“Metcalfe, William, Md.” McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia, www.biblicalcyclopedia.com/M/metcalfe-william-md.html. Accessed 8 Jun. 2024.

“Rev. William Metcalfe (1788-1862).” International Vegetarian Union (IVU), www.ivu.org/history/usa19/metcalfe.html. Accessed 8 Jun. 2024.

Shurtleff, William, and Akiko Aoyagi. “History of Vegetarianism and Veganism Worldwide (1430 BCE to 1969.” Www.Soyinfocenter.Com, www.soyinfocenter.com/books/281. Accessed 8 Jun. 2024.

Stahler, Charles. “Cornflake Crusade – A BOOK BY GERALD CARSON, ARNO PRESS, 1976.” Vegetarian Resource Group, www.vrg.org/history/cornflake_crusade.htm. Accessed 8 Jun. 2024.

“The American Vegetarian Society.” International Vegetarian Union (IVU), ivu.org/history/societies/americanvs.html. Accessed 8 Jun. 2024.

Williams, Howard. “The Ethics of Diet – A Catena.” International Vegetarian Union (IVU), ivu.org/history/williams/metcalfe.html. Accessed 8 Jun. 2024.